Uso del PRESENT PERFECT (sintesi)
Forma affermativa: SOGGETTO + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: I have closed the door.
He has given me a present.
Forma interrogativa: HAVE/HAS + SOGGETTO + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: Have you closed the door?
Has he given you a present?
Forma negativa: SOGGETTO + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: I have not (= haven’t) closed the door.
He has not (= hasn’t) given me a present.
JUST = appena
- Have you finished the WFT Report?
- Yes, I’ve just finished it. Here you have!
YET = già (nelle domande)
- Have you finished that letter, yet?
NOT YET = non ancora
- No, I haven’t finished it, yet. I’m finishing it later.
ALREADY = già (nelle affermazioni)
- Yes, I’ve already finished it. It’s on your desk.
EVER = “mai” (nelle frasi interrogative)
Have you ever been to London?
- Yes, I have. I’ve been there twice.
- No, I haven’t. I’ve never been there.
- Yes, I have. I went there in 1998. (azione finita) ¹
once (una volta),
twice (due volte),
three times (tre volte)…
ever (mai)
RECENTLY = recentemente
- Have you seen Jane recently?
- No, I havent’s seen her since Tom’s party last week.
THIS MONTH / YEAR …
- How many books have you read this month?
- None, because I’ve been too busy with my new job. But last year I read ten!
This … si riferisce al mese/anno in corso
( ¹ last year )
NEVER BEFORE
IT’S THE 1st / 2nd … TIME …
DURATION FORM:
How long?
For… (+ period)
Since… (+ starting point)
- How long have you lived in Novara?
(= da quanto tempo abiti a Novara)
- I have lived in Novara for 5 years.
- I have lived in Novara since 1997.
Significa che tuttora ci abito.
¹ Se invece dico (past simple):
- How long did you live in Milan?
- I lived in Milan for 6 years.
Significa che non abito più lì.
NB: in casi come questo
in italiano uso il presente semplice, ma in inglese DEVO usare il present perfect.
Present perfect continuous
- How long have you been sleeping?
- I have been sleeping for more than an hour.
Sottolinea ulteriormente
la continuità
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Esercizi present perfect o simple past
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Forma affermativa: SOGGETTO + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: I have closed the door.
He has given me a present.
Forma interrogativa: HAVE/HAS + SOGGETTO + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: Have you closed the door?
Has he given you a present?
Forma negativa: SOGGETTO + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex.: I have not (= haven’t) closed the door.
He has not (= hasn’t) given me a present.
JUST = appena
- Have you finished the WFT Report?
- Yes, I’ve just finished it. Here you have!
YET = già (nelle domande)
- Have you finished that letter, yet?
NOT YET = non ancora
- No, I haven’t finished it, yet. I’m finishing it later.
ALREADY = già (nelle affermazioni)
- Yes, I’ve already finished it. It’s on your desk.
EVER = “mai” (nelle frasi interrogative)
Have you ever been to London?
- Yes, I have. I’ve been there twice.
- No, I haven’t. I’ve never been there.
- Yes, I have. I went there in 1998. (azione finita) ¹
once (una volta),
twice (due volte),
three times (tre volte)…
ever (mai)
RECENTLY = recentemente
- Have you seen Jane recently?
- No, I havent’s seen her since Tom’s party last week.
THIS MONTH / YEAR …
- How many books have you read this month?
- None, because I’ve been too busy with my new job. But last year I read ten!
This … si riferisce al mese/anno in corso
( ¹ last year )
NEVER BEFORE
IT’S THE 1st / 2nd … TIME …
DURATION FORM:
How long?
For… (+ period)
Since… (+ starting point)
- How long have you lived in Novara?
(= da quanto tempo abiti a Novara)
- I have lived in Novara for 5 years.
- I have lived in Novara since 1997.
Significa che tuttora ci abito.
¹ Se invece dico (past simple):
- How long did you live in Milan?
- I lived in Milan for 6 years.
Significa che non abito più lì.
NB: in casi come questo
in italiano uso il presente semplice, ma in inglese DEVO usare il present perfect.
Present perfect continuous
- How long have you been sleeping?
- I have been sleeping for more than an hour.
Sottolinea ulteriormente
la continuità
----------------------------------------------------------------
scarica il PDF di sintesi della spiegazione
altri schemi
Duration Form: spiegazione (un po' lunga ma chiara!)
Esercizi online
Esercizi present perfect o simple past
Online TEST